The Digital Divide Is a Human Rights Issue: Advancing Social Inclusion Through Social Work Advocacy

The Digital Divide Is a Human Rights Issue: Advancing Social Inclusion Through Social Work Advocacy

by 12/02/2021

References

Contents

  1. Allen, K.D., Wallace, D.P., Renes, D., Bowen, S.L., & Burke, R.V. (2010). Use of video modeling to teach vocational skills to adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorders. Education & Treatment of Children, 33(3), 339–349. https://doi.org/10.1177/2F001440291308000103

    Article  Google Scholar

  2. Arizona State University (2019). ASU study: much of Indian Country lacks access to Internet, but 5G expansion could be a chance to catch up. Retrieved from https://alumni.asu.edu/20191018-solutions-asu-study-native-americans-lack-internet-access-5g-opportunity-catch-up

  3. Belluomini, E (2017). Technology in private practice, In S, Walfish, J. Zimmerman, & J. Barnett (Eds.). Handbook of private practice: Keys to success for mental health practitioners. London, England: Oxford University Press.

  4. Bentley, K. (2020). 9 million students lack home Internet for remote learning. Government Technology, June 11, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.govtech.com/network/9-Million-Students-Lack-Home-Internet-for-Remote-Learning.html

  5. Bliss, D.L. (2015). Using the social work advocacy practice model to find our voices in service advocacy. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance, 39(1), 57–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/23303131.2014.978060

    Article  Google Scholar

  6. Burchardt, T., Le Grand, J., & Piachaud, D. (1999). Social exclusion in Britain 1991–1995. Social Policy & Administration, 33, 227–244. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9515.00148

    Article  Google Scholar

  7. California Assembly Bill No 1665 (2017). Retrieved from https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1665

  8. Campos-Castillo, C. (2015). Revisiting the first-level digital divide in the United States: gender and race/ethnicity patterns, 2007–2012. Social Science Computer Review, 33(4), 423–439. https://doi.org/10.1177/2F0894439314547617

    Article  Google Scholar

  9. Carlson, E. & Goss, J. (2016). The state of the urban/rural digital divide. National Telecommunications and Information Administration, August 10, 2016. https://www.ntia.doc.gov/blog/2016/state-urbanrural-digital-divide

  10. Castro, A. (2020, August 6). Feds move to block California’s net neutrality law. The Verge. Retrieved from https://www.theverge.com/2020/8/6/21357013/justice-department-net-neutrality-fcc-law-throttling-isps

  11. Close the divide (2020) https://www.idahobe.org/close

  12. Cosner Berzin, S., Singer, J., & Chan, C. (2015). Practice innovation through technology in the digital age: a grand challenge for social work. Grand Challenges for Social Work Initiative, working paper No. 12. American Academy of Social Work and Social Welfare.

  13. Council on Social Work Education (2015). Educational policy and accreditation standards. Retrieved from https://www.cswe.org/getattachment/Accreditation/Accreditation-Process/2015-EPAS/2015EPAS_Web_FINAL.pdf.aspx

  14. Duggan, M., & Smith, A. (2013, September 16). Cell Internet use 2013. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from https://www.pewinternet.org/2013/09/16/cell-internet-use-2013/

  15. Fairlie, R. (2005). The effects of home computers on school enrollment. Economics and Education Review, 24(5), 533–547.

    Article  Google Scholar

  16. Federal Communications Commission (2020). In the matter of extending wireless telecommunications services to tribal lands. Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, WT Docket No. 99–266, FCC 00–209, Adopted June 8, 2000. Retrieved from https://wireless.fcc.gov/auctions/general/releases/fc000209.pdf

  17. Federal Communications Commission (2019). 2019 Broadband deployment report. Retrieved from https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/FCC-19-44A1.pdf

  18. Federal Communications Commission (2018). 2018 Broadband deployment report. Retrieved from https://www.fcc.gov/reports-research/reports/broadband-progress-reports/2018-broadband-deployment-report

  19. Fox, S. (2011). Americans living with disabilities and their technology profile. Pew Internet and American Life Project. Retrieved from https://pewinternet.org/Reports/2011/Disability.aspx

  20. Gilliard, C. (2016). Digital redlining, access, and privacy. Common Sense Education. Retrieved from https://www.commonsense.org/education/articles/digital-redlining-access-and-privacy

  21. Government Accountability Office (GAO) (2018). FCC’s data overstate access on tribal lands. Retrieved from https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-18-630

  22. Government Accountability Office (GAO) (2017). U.S. Postal Service: Key considerations for restoring fiscal sustainability. Retrieved from https://www.gao.gov/assets/690/682534.pdf

  23. Government Accountability Office. (2006). Telecommunications: broadband deployment is extensive throughout the United States, but it is difficult to assess the extent of deployment gaps in rural areas (GAO Publication No GAO-06–426) Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

  24. Horrigan, J. B. (2016). Lifelong learning and technology. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2016/03/PI_2016.03.22_Educational-Ecosystems_FINAL.pdf

  25. Human Rights Watch (2019). World report 2019: Events of 2018. Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/world_report_download/hrw_world_report_2019.pdf

  26. International Federation of Social Workers (2012). Human rights policy. Retrieved from https://www.ifsw.org/human-rights-policy/

  27. International Telecommunication Union (2016). ICT facts and figures 2016. Retrieved from https://www.itu.int/en/ITUD/Statistics/Documents/facts/ICTFactsFigures2016.pdf

  28. Jaeger, P. T., Bertot, J. C., Thompson, K. M., Katz, S. M., & DeCoster, E. J. (2012). The intersection of public policy and public access: digital divides, digital literacy, digital inclusion, and public libraries. Public Library Quarterly, 31(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/01616846.2012.654728

    Article  Google Scholar

  29. Jayakar, K., Maitland, C., Peha, J., Strover, S., Bauer, J. 2016 Broadband 202: report of the interdisciplinary workshop on the development of a national broadband research agenda Penn State University, State College, PA Institute for Information Policy.

  30. Jorgensen, M., Morris, T., & Feller, S. (2014). Digital inclusion in native communities: the role of tribal libraries. Oklahoma City, OK: Association of Tribal Archives, Libraries, and Museums. Retrieved from https://www.atalm.org/?q=node/312

  31. Kang, C. (2019, February 1). Net neutrality repeal at stake as key court case starts. New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/01/technology/net-neutrality-repeal-case.html

  32. Kang, C. (2016, June 4). Court backs rules treating Internet as utility, not luxury. New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/15/technology/net-neutrality-fcc-appeals-court-ruling.html

  33. Klein, E. (2014, April 6). Why the government should provide Internet access. Vox. Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/2014/4/6/5587138/susan-crawford-internet-public-option

  34. Kruger & Gilroy (2019). Broadband Internet access and the digital divide: federal assistance programs. Congressional Research Service. Retrieved from https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=RL30719

  35. Kuilema, J. (2012). Social workers and broadband advocacy: social justice and information communication technologies. Social Science Computer Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439312454266

    Article  Google Scholar

  36. Lecher, C. (2019, May 30). Experts are furious over the FCC’s rosy picture of broadband access: the data the agency uses has been criticized as flawed. The Verge. Retrieved from https://www.theverge.com/2019/5/30/18644726/fcc-broadband-report-high-speed-rural-statistics-reactions

  37. McGill, M.H. (2018, February 7). The least connected people in America. Politico. Retrieved from https://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2018/02/07/rural-indian-reservations-broadband-access-000628

  38. Macartney, S., Bishaw, A., & Fontenot (2013). Poverty rates for selected detailed race and Hispanic groups by state and place: 2007-2011. American Community Survey Briefs. Retrieved from https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2013/acs/acsbr11-17.pdf

  39. McCabe, D. (2019, October 1). Court upholds net neutrality repeal with some caveats. New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/01/technology/net-neutrality-repeal-broadband.html

  40. Makinen, M. (2006). Digital empowerment as a process for enhancing citizens’ participation. E-learning and Digital Media, 3(3), 381–395. https://doi.org/10.2304/2Felea.2006.3.3.381

    Article  Google Scholar

  41. Media Alliance (n.d.). About Us. Retrieved from https://mediaalliance.org/about-us/

  42. Microsoft (2019). Nextlink Internet and Microsoft closing broadband gap in central US. Microsoft News Center. Retrieved from https://news.microsoft.com/2019/09/18/nextlink-internet-and-microsoft-closing-broadband-gap-in-central-us/

  43. Morton, H. (2019, December 21). Net neutrality 2019 legislation. National Conference of State Legislatures. Retrieved from https://www.ncsl.org/research/telecommunications-and-information-technology/net-neutrality-2019-legislation.aspx

  44. Mossberger, K., Tolbert, C. J., & Stansbury, M. (2003). Virtual inequality: beyond the digital divide. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press.

    Google Scholar

  45. Murdach, A. D. (2011). Is social work a human rights profession? (Commentary). Social Work, 56(3), 281–283.

    Article  Google Scholar

  46. National Association of Social Workers (2017). NASW, ASWB, CSWE, & CSWA standards for technology in social work practice. Washington DC. Retrieved from https://www.socialworkers.org/Practice/Clinical-Social-Work/Technology

  47. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (2015). Strategic use of technology in teaching and learning mathematics. Retrieved from https://www.nctm.org/Standards-and-Positions/Position-Statements/Strategic-Use-of-Technology-in-Teaching-and-Learning-Mathematics/

  48. National Digital Inclusion Alliance (2020). A unified voice for digital inclusion policies and programs. Retrieved from https://www.digitalinclusion.org/

  49. Neidig, H. (2017). Civil rights lawyer accuses AT&T of discriminating against low-income communities. The Hill. Retrieved from https://thehill.com/policy/technology/347818-civil-rights-lawyer-accuses-att-of-discriminating-against-low-income

  50. New York Times Editorial Board (2020). Locked out of the virtual classroom. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/27/opinion/coronavirus-internet-schools-learning.html

  51. Nyc.gov (2015). One New York: the plan for a strong and just city. Retrieved from https://onenyc.cityofnewyork.us/reports-resources/

  52. O’Toole, J. (2014, May 20). Chattanooga’s super-fast publically owned Internet. CNNMoney. Retrieved from https://money.cnn.com/2014/05/20/technology/innovation/chattanooga-internet/

  53. Pace, P. (2010, October). Broadband access prioritized: many people are not able to afford the cost. NASW News, 55, 6.

  54. Perron, B., Taylor, H., Glass, J., & Margerum-Leys, J. (2010). Information and communication technologies in social work. Advances in Social Work, 11(1), 67–81. https://doi.org/10.18060/241

  55. Pew Charitable Trusts (2020). How states are expanding broadband access: new research identifies tactics for connecting unserved communities. Retrieved from https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/2020/02/how-states-are-expanding-broadband-access

  56. Pew Research Center (2019). Mobile fact sheet. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/mobile/

  57. Queiro-Tajalli, I., Campbell, C., & McNutt, J. (2003). International social and economic justice and on-line advocacy. International Social Work, 46, 149–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/2F0020872803046002002

    Article  Google Scholar

  58. Real, B., Bertot, C., & Jaeger, P. T. (2014). Rural public libraries and digital inclusion: issues and challenges. Information Technology & Libraries, 33(1), 6–24. https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v33i1.5141

    Article  Google Scholar

  59. Rienhart, J. M., Thomas, E., & Toriskie, J. M. (2011). K-12 Teachers: technology use and the second level digital divide. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 38(3), 181–193.

    Google Scholar

  60. Rideout, V. & Katz, V.S. (2016) Opportunity for all? Technology and learning in lower-income families. A report of the Families and Media Project. New York: The Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop. Retrieved from https://joanganzcooneycenter.org/publication/opportunity-for-all-technology-and-learning-in-lower-income-families/

  61. Ritzhaupt, A. D., Liu, F., Dawson, K., & Barron, A. E. (2013). Differences in student information and communication technology literacy based on socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and gender. Evidence of a digital divide in Florida schools. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 45(4), 291–307.

    Article  Google Scholar

  62. Ruiz, R.R. (2015, March 12). F.C.C. sets net neutrality rules. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/13/technology/fcc-releases-net-neutrality-rules.html

  63. Ryan, C. (2018). Computer and Internet use in the United States: 2016 American Community Survey Reports, ACS-39, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington DC, 2017. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2018/acs/ACS-39.pdf

  64. Stuhlmiller, C., & Tolchard, B. (2009). Computer-assisted CBT for depression and anxiety: increasing accessibility to evidence-based mental health treatment. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing And Mental Health Services, 47(7), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20090527-01

    Article  Google Scholar

  65. Tarnoff, B. (2016, August 3). The Internet should be a public good. Jacobin. Retrieved from https://www.jacobinmag.com/2016/08/internet-public-dns-privatization-icann-netflix/

  66. Tomer, A., Kneebone, E. & Shivaram, R. (2017). Signs of digital distress: mapping broadband availability and subscription in American neighborhoods. The Brookings Institution, Metropolitan Policy Program. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/broadbandreport_september2017.pdf

  67. United Nations General Assembly (2016). Human Rights Council thirty-second session, agenda item 3: promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development. Retrieved from https://www.article19.org/data/files/Internet_Statement_Adopted.pdf

  68. United States Census Bureau (2017). The digital divide: percentage of households by broadband Internet subscription, computer type, race and Hispanic origin. September 11, 2017. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/2017/comm/internet.html

  69. United States Postal Service (2011). 2010 Comprehensive Statement on Postal Operations, 2010 Performance Report and 2011 Performance Plan. Chapter 1: our mission. Retrieved from https://about.usps.com/strategic-planning/cs09/CSPO_09_002.htm

  70. United States Senate Bill 652 (1996). Telecommunications Act of 1996. Retrieved from https://www.congress.gov/bill/104th-congress/senate-bill/652

  71. University of Kansas Center on Community Health and Development. (2020). Evaluating the initiative (Community Tool Box). Retrieved from https://ctb.ku.edu/en/evaluating-initiative

  72. VanDeMark, N., Burrell, N., Lamendola, W., Hoich, C., Berg, N., & Medina, E. (2010). An exploratory study of engagement in a technology-supported substance abuse intervention. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 5(10), https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-597X-5-10

  73. Vick, K. (2017, March 30). The digital divide: a quarter of the nation is without broadband. Time. Retrieved from https://time.com/4718032/the-digital-divide/

  74. Waldman, P. (2020, August 13). Trump’s attack on the postal service is now a national emergency. Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/08/13/trumps-attack-postal-service-is-now-national-emergency/

  75. Walravens, S. (2020, June 8). Why online learning is failing our nation’s most vulnerable students. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/geekgirlrising/2020/06/08/new-report-shows-impact-of-digital-divide-on-low-income-students/#7afe48811701

  76. Wang, H.L. (2018, December 6). Native Americans on tribal land are the least connected to high-speed Internet. NPR National. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2018/12/06/673364305/native-americans-on-tribal-land-are-the-least-connected-to-high-speed-internet

  77. Warf, B. (2012). Contemporary digital divides in the United States. Journal of Economic and Social Geography, 104(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.2012.00720.x

    Article  Google Scholar

  78. West, D.M., & Karsten, J. (2016). Rural and urban America divided by broadband access. Brookings Institute, July 16, 2016. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/blog/techtank/2016/07/18/rural-and-urban-america-divided-by-broadband-access/

  79. West, J. C. (2011). Without a net: librarians bridging the digital divide. Santa Barbara, CA: Libraries Unlimited.

    Google Scholar

  80. Wood, C. (2017, October 27). To close the digital divide, California approves $330 million broadband infrastructure fund. Statescoop. Retrieved from https://statescoop.com/to-close-the-digital-divide-california-approves-330-million-broadband-infrastructure-fund/

  81. Wronka, J. (2016). Human rights and social justice: social action and service for the health and helping professions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar

  82. Youn, E. (2007). The relationship between technology content in a masters of social work curriculum and technology use in social work practice: a qualitative research study. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 25(1–2), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.1300/J017v25n01_03.

    Article  Google Scholar

  83. Zeke (2014, November 10). Obama bucks FCC in calling for broadband reclassification. TIME. Retrieved from https://time.com/3575842/obama-broadband-internet/

Download references

Author information

Affiliations

  1. School of Social Work, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID, USA

    Cynthia K. Sanders

  2. School of Social Welfare, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA

    Edward Scanlon

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cynthia K. Sanders.

Print Friendly, PDF & Email